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Exploring Personal Narratives in Scholastique Mukasonga's "Grief"

on March 29, 2025 Scholastique Mukasonga

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Methods of studying historical issues

on November 28, 2023

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JEAN PIAGET’S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was born in Switzerland. After receiving his doctoral degree at age 22, Piaget formally began a career that would have a profound impact on both psychology and education. After working with Alfred Binet, Piaget developed an interest in the intellectual development of children. Based upon his observations, he concluded that children were not less intelligent than adults, they simply think differently. Albert Einstein called Piaget's discovery "so simple only a genius could have thought of it." Piaget (1983) argued that knowledge developed through cognitive structures known as schemas . Schemas are mental representations of the world and how the individual interacts with it. As a child develops, his or her schemas develop as a result of his or her interaction with the world. All children are born with an innate range of schemas, such as a schema for sucking, reaching, and gripping. These are in turn modified as a result of experience; Piaget call...

THE THORNDIKE’S THEORY OF CONNECTIONISM

In this article, you will read the major three laws propounded by Thorndike on connectionism. He reveals that the foundation of learning is the association between sense impressions and impulses to action. The implications of the theory are also discussed. BACKGROUND TO THE THEORY Edward Lee Thorndike Edward Thorndike was an American psychologist. Who lived between 1884 and 1949. Thorndike titled his theory “Connectionism”. He derived this theory by using cats, puzzle box and food. According to Thorndike, the fundamental of learning is the association between sense impressions and impulses to action (stimuli and responses). These associations become strengthened, or weakened by the nature and frequency of the stimuli-responses pairings. This means that an organism will repeat the behaviour if it obtains a pleasant or satisfying stimulus after first demonstrating it. He therefore postulated that learning in an organism involves the act of selecting the most appropriate response...

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT

There have been a number of experiments and debates to show that language is not independent of thought. This debate has occupied a lot of philosophers, linguists, anthropologists and psychologists for centuries dating back to Plato due to the different views they hold over the same. Some claim that most of the activities in life involve the use of language because most of the ideas are told using one’s language. Also, the internal thinking which results into logical conclusions comes about due to some degree of the use of language. While other linguists and researchers on the other hand hold that language and thought are two separate and independent entities. The other group feels language partially influences thought. LANGUAGE INFLUENCES THOUGHT The early philosophers believed that in order for one to express him/ herself in any way, thought was important. The first one is motor theory for speech and perception which is behavioural in nature. The proponents for this t...

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